Advanced practice nursing (APN) is the term used to define a level of nursing practice that uses comprehensive skills, experience and knowledge in nursing care. Advanced practice is usually described in relation to a list of skills, knowledge and competencies that are beyond those normally expected from a nursing role, but which must be achieved before nurses can describe their practice as advanced.

Primary care nurses are nurses who work for a specific patient over a long period of time. Some of the nurses have more than one patient, but they work with them one on one for lengthy periods. Primary health care is nothing but the first level of medical care. It means the care that patients receive for minor illness and injuries, and for preventive medical procedures. Patients will use the services of the same physicians and nurses for their primary health issues. These medical experts are referred to as primary care physicians and primary care nurses.

A vascular nurse specializes in treating patients who suffer from a variety of diseases including carotid artery disease, abdominal aneurysms, leaky leg veins and peripheral arterial disease. Patients who suffer from these problems are usually elderly and their symptoms are typically complicated by a number of different chronic problems. This field of nursing is rapidly gaining in popularity and for good reason too. Vascular nurses are needed in a wide array of settings, from hospitals to elderly care homes and private medical treatment facilities.  These professionals may also be employed in diagnostic centers or research fields for help with clinical trials and other research activity. And for those who want to work on their own or who are looking for more flexibility in their working schedules, there is a growing demand for vascular nurses to make house calls to tend to the health of those who are housebound. As a vascular nurse, you can also offer home healthcare services. Home healthcare services are in huge demand as a way to keep patients at home and out of the hospital, which helps reduce their overall healthcare expenses and also helps ease the burden on the healthcare system.

Obesity in children is called as pediatric obesity which is a complex disorder. Its prevalence has increased very significantly in recent years that many consider it as a major health concern of the developed world. Pediatric obesity may lead to insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes, increase in blood pressure, hyperlipidemia, liver and renal disease, and reproductive dysfunction. This condition will also increase the risk of onset obesity in adult age and cardiovascular disease. Nutrition is the branch of science that mainly deals with the interaction of nutrients and other substances present food to maintain growth, reproduction, health and disease of an organism. It mainly includes amount of food consumed, absorption, assimilation, biosynthesis, catabolism and excretion.

A neonatal intensive care unit (NICU), also called as an intensive care nursery (ICN), is an intensive care unit concentrating in the care of ill or premature newborn infants. Neonatal means the newborns to the first 28 days of life. Nurse practitioners for this are with advanced practice nurses who care for premature and sick newborns in ICU, emergency or delivery rooms, and special clinics. Prematurity is a risk factor that follows early labor, a planned caesarean section, or pre-eclampsia. Midwifery is one of the health science or profession which mainly deals with pregnancy cases, childbirth, and the postpartum, besides reproductive health of women throughout their lives.

Gerontological nurses work in collaboration with older adults, their families, and communities to support healthy aging, maximum functioning, and quality of life. The term gerontological nursing, which replaced the term geriatric nursing in the 1970s, is seen as being more consistent with the specialty's broader focus on health and wellness, in addition to illness.

Gynaecology or gynecology is the branch of medicine dealing with the health of the female reproductive systems (vagina, uterus, and ovaries) and the breasts. The exact nature of gynecological nursing shown a special attention on interpersonal work related to the private and sensitive nature of gynecological disorders, with social, psychological and emotional implications for sexuality, reproduction, future life and relationships.

Psychiatry is the branch of medicine related to the identifying, prevention, study, and treatment of psychological disorders. These include various abnormalities related to mood, behavior, cognition, and perceptions. Psychiatry refers to a branch of medicine focused specifically on the mind, aiming to study, prevent, and treat mental disorders in humans. It has been described as an intermediate between the world from a social environment and the world from the perspective of those who are mentally ill.

Cardiac Care Nurses treat patients suffering from heart diseases and conditions and treat heart disease, heart attacks, and other cardiovascular health issues. Cardiac nurses play a pivotal role in the prevention, diagnosis. Cardiac nurses are critical in the fight against heart disease and are needed not merely to care for patients, but also to promote healthy lifestyle choices.

A surgical nurse is a nurse who specializes in perioperative care, meaning care provided to surgical patients before, during, and after surgery. There are several different kinds of surgical nurse, and surgical nursing as a career can be very demanding. Compensation in this field varies, depending on where a nurse works. Some surgical nurses make salaries which are comparable to those of doctors, while others struggle to get by on much less. Surgical nurses may practice in different types of surgery. General surgery, Vascular surgery, Colo-rectal surgery, Surgical Oncology, Orthopedic surgery, Urological surgery.

Anesthesiology is branch of medicine related to the release of pain and total care of the patient undergoing surgery (before, during and after surgery). Anesthesiologists have the medical knowledge to deal with many emergency conditions. They provide airway management, cardiac and pulmonary resuscitation and pain control. As physicians, they play an active role in stabilizing and preparing the patient for emergency surgery. Intensive care medicine or critical care medicine is a branch that concerned with the diagnosis and management of life-threatening situations which may require sophisticated organ support and invasive monitoring.

This is basically what patients must know in the past as counseling over the phone. However, technology today allows telehealth nursing to reach and monitor patients and their conditions. These nurses interact with patients using computers, audio and visual equipment and telephones. Telehealth can save time. Every healthcare provider does not offer telehealth. Many doctors now offer patients the opportunity to schedule appointments online.

Commonly a nurse who specializes in treating and caring for patients having cancer is called as oncology nurse means the nurse who has proper qualifications and knowledge of a specialty area and has kept up-to-date in his or her education in cancer. Cancer/Oncology nurses often serve as first line of communication and care throughout cancer treatment. Oncology nurses have a detailed knowledge and clinical skill in cancer care beyond what is required for a basic nursing program. To become oncology certified or cancer treatment certified, nurses typically must have an RN license, meet specific eligibility criteria and pass an exam.

This field deals specifically with patients experiencing high-dependency, life–threatening conditions with utmost care of the critically ill or unstable patients following extensive injury, surgery or life-threatening diseases. Critical care professionals provide a very important medical service. Emergency Nurses use their advanced skills to care for patients who are critically ill and at high risk for life-threatening health problems. Nurses in this care team mainly works for patients in the disaster or critical phase of their illness or injury and are skilled at discerning life-threatening problems and such type of nurses are called as Emergency nurses.

A women’s health nurse practitioner (WHNP) is an educated and experienced nurse practitioner who focuses on offering primary care services to women of all ages. To become a WHNP, nurses must first complete an education as a registered nurse, and then go on to advanced studies to become a nurse practitioner. It is during these studies that students can choose to specialize in women’s health and go on to complete clinical, hands on experience with female patients.

Dental care is important to prevent dental disease and to maintain proper dental and oral health. Oral problems, including dental and periodontal infections, dry mouth, tooth decay, are all treatable with proper diagnosis and care. Diabetes Specialist Nurse (DSNs) works wholly in diabetes care and plays a central role in the provision of diabetic care within primary and secondary care.  General Issues in Dental Nursing

Wound care nursing is an especially fulfilling practice because you actually help the body heal. And with chronic wound care representing nearly 4 percent of total health system costs, wound care nurses are in demand.